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| notable_students = | known_for = | influences = |Wilhelm Dilthey |Heinrich RickertGeorg Simmel |Werner Sombart〔Reinhard Bendix and Guenther Roth (''Scholarship and Partisanship: Essays on Max Weber'' ), University of California Press, 1971, p. 244.〕}} | influenced = |Carl SchmittJürgen Habermas |Joseph SchumpeterC. Wright Mills|Cornelius CastoriadisLudwig LachmannKarl Polanyi}} | awards = | religion = Protestant〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Deutsche Biographie )〕 | signature = | footnotes = }} Karl Emil Maximilian "Max" Weber (; 21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920) was a German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist whose ideas profoundly influenced social theory and social research.〔"Max Weber". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 20 April 2009. (Britannica.com )〕 Weber is often cited, with Émile Durkheim and Karl Marx, as among the three founders of sociology.〔〔〔Radkau, Joachim and Patrick Camiller. (2009). ''Max Weber: A Biography''. Trans. Patrick Camiller. Polity Press. (ISBN 9780745641478)〕〔Alternatively, Auguste Comte, Marx and Weber: 〕 Weber was a key proponent of methodological antipositivism, arguing for the study of social action through interpretive (rather than purely empiricist) means, based on understanding the purpose and meaning that individuals attach to their own actions. Weber's main intellectual concern was understanding the processes of rationalisation, secularisation, and "disenchantment" that he associated with the rise of capitalism and modernity,〔 and which he saw as the result of a new way of thinking about the world. Weber is best known for his thesis combining economic sociology and the sociology of religion, elaborated in his book ''The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism'', in which he proposed that ascetic Protestantism was one of the major "elective affinities" associated with the rise in the Western world of market-driven capitalism and the rational-legal nation-state. Against Marx's "historical materialism", Weber emphasised the importance of cultural influences embedded in religion as a means for understanding the genesis of capitalism.〔Weber, Max ''The Protestant Ethic and "The Spirit of Capitalism"'' (1905). Translated by Stephen Kalberg (2002), Roxbury Publishing Company, pp. 19, 35; Weber's references on these pages to "Superstructure" and "base" are unambiguous references to Marxism's base/superstructure theory.〕 The ''Protestant Ethic'' formed the earliest part in Weber's broader investigations into world religion; he went on to examine the religions of China, the religions of India and ancient Judaism, with particular regard to their differing economic consequences and conditions of social stratification. In another major work, ''Politics as a Vocation'', Weber defined the state as an entity that successfully claims a "monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory". He was also the first to categorise social authority into distinct forms, which he labelled as charismatic, traditional, and rational-legal. His analysis of bureaucracy emphasised that modern state institutions are increasingly based on rational-legal authority. Weber also made a variety of other contributions in economic history, as well as economic theory and methodology. Weber's analysis of modernity and rationalisation significantly influenced the critical theory associated with the Frankfurt School. After the First World War, Max Weber was among the founders of the liberal German Democratic Party. He also ran unsuccessfully for a seat in parliament and served as advisor to the committee that drafted the ill-fated democratic Weimar Constitution of 1919. After contracting Spanish flu, he died of pneumonia in 1920, aged 56.〔 ==Biography== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Max Weber」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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